野大豆(Glycine soja)叶绿体的光谱及其激子能量转移

野大豆叶绿体在低温(77K)时出现三条荧光发射谱带,它们来源于不同的色素蛋白复合体。 在纳秒脉冲激光激发下,捕光天线色素的相对荧光量子产额,随激光强度的增加有明显下降现象。用激子理论和动力学方程讨论和计算了激子扩散参量。指出激子转移是随机的,非相干的。     

Differentiation in cranial variables among six species of Hylopetes(Sciurinae: Pteromyini)

There is some discrepancy in the classification of different species of Hylopetes, particularly regarding systematic status of H. electilis and H. phayrei and their relationship to other species. In the present study, for the first time we have brought together six of the nine Hylopetes species and performed statistical analysis of 14 measurable cranial variables, analyzing in total 89 specimens,including H. electilis, H. alboniger, H. phayrei, H. lepidus, H. spadiceus, and H. nigripes. Both univariate and multivariate analysis results indicate that H. electilis can not only be obviously distinguished from H. phayrei, but also clearly differs from the other four Hylopetes species. These results sustain the contention that H. electilis is neither a synonym nor subspecies of H. phayrei, but should be considered a distinct and valid species. Subsequently, a straightforward discussion on the biogeography of Hylopetes in southeastern Asia gives further insight into the differentiation and variety of species belonging to this genus.     

EV71灭活疫苗（人二倍体细胞）在恒河猴婴猴模型中的免疫保护性分析

肠道病毒71型作为引起儿童群体常见传染性手足口病（HFMD）的主要病原,具有导致少量感染个体出现脑炎等神经系统病变以及相关心肺功能衰竭的病理学特性．因此其预防性疫苗的研发具有重要的公共卫生意义．在前期工作的基础上,一种EV71灭活病毒疫苗（人二倍体细胞）在本研究中基于恒河猴婴猴模型进行了相应的免疫保护性分析．以160EU剂量对2～3月龄婴猴进行0,4周免疫后,动物在第4周接受了剂量为10。～CCID50的病毒经呼吸道的攻击．对病毒攻击后动物在14天内的临床症状、血液生物学、器官病原学分布以及病理学检测的动态观察表明,经疫苗免疫的动物未出现对照动物所具有的特征性临床表现,其血液生物学及病理学检测均无异常．同时,器官病原学分布亦呈阴性．结合动物中和抗体的明确增长及对照动物的综合表现分析,本文的工作证实了该EV71灭活病毒疫苗（人二倍体细胞）在恒河猴婴猴体内的免疫保护性．     

Cd~（2＋）胁迫诱导烟草悬浮细胞脯氨酸积累的生化途径及外源脯氨酸对Cd~（2＋）胁迫下H_2O_2产生的抑制作用

Cd~（2＋）可提高烟草悬浮细胞脯氨酸的含量,顺序上调脯氨酸合成关键酶鸟氨酸转氨酶（OAT）、精氨酸酶、△~1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（P5CS）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）的活性,降低脯氨酸降解关键酶脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH）的活性,表明Cd~（2＋）胁迫诱导烟草细胞脯氨酸的积累是脯氨酸合成的鸟氨酸途径和谷氨酸途径顺序激活、而脯氨酸降解途径显著抑制的综合结果。此外,Cd~（2＋）能导致烟草细胞H_2O_2的快速产生及H_2O_2产生相关酶（质膜NADPH氧化酶、细胞壁多胺氧化酶及共价结合与离子结合细胞壁过氧化物酶）活性升高和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）增加,导致烟草细胞的氧化胁迫。外源脯氨酸预处理显著抑制了Cd~（2＋）诱导的烟草细胞H_2O_2的产生与MDA的增加,减轻了Cd~（2＋）诱导的氧化胁迫。而脯氨酸抑制Cd~（2＋）诱导的H_2O_2产生可能是由于脯氨酸抑制了H_2O_2产生相关酶的活性所致。     

水稻NAM基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

植物特异性转录因子NAM家族从属于NAC转录因子超家族,在植株生长发育、生理代谢以及应对各种胁迫反应中均发挥重要作用。该研究采用生物信息学方法鉴定水稻基因组中的NAM基因,分析其时空表达模式、亚细胞定位以及蛋白相互作用,并采用实时定量qRT PCR方法分析不同外源激素(如SA、ABA和MeJA)以及非生物胁迫(包括干旱、盐和冷)处理下各NAM基因的表达特征,为进一步探索NAM基因在非生物胁迫中的功能和应激机制以及激素调控途径奠定基础。结果显示：(1)从水稻基因组中共鉴定出48个NAM基因,进化分析将其分为5个亚家族;NAM基因在水稻基因组中存在9对片段复制事件。(2)组织表达分析显示,NAM基因在水稻不同组织及发育时期表现特异性表达,特别是叶鞘、茎和节的生长过程中高表达,且大多数是核定位,并存在多种蛋白互作。(3)实时定量qRT PCR表达分析显示,10个NAM基因在不同组织中均特异表达;大部分NAM基因在盐和干旱胁迫下表达上调,而在冷胁迫下表达降低;SA、ABA和MeJA处理均可显著改变各NAM基因的表达水平。研究表明,NAM基因在水稻生长发育、激素应答和非生物胁迫响应中具有重要作用。     

Reference gene selection and validation for mRNA expression analysis by RT-qPCR in murine M1- and M2-polarized macrophage

Molecular Biology Reports - Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (M0) and M1- and M2-polarized macrophages are being widely used as a laboratory model for polarized macrophages related molecular...     

Stepwise oscillatory circuits of a DNA molecule

A DNA molecule is characterized by a stepwise oscillatory circuit where every base pair is a capacitor, every phosphate bridge is an inductance, and every deoxyribose is a charge router. The circuitry accounts for DNA conductivity through both short and long distances in good agreement with experimental evidence that has led to the identification of the so-called super-exchange and multiple-step hopping mechanisms. However, in contrast to the haphazard hopping and super-exchanging events, the circuitry is a well-defined charge transport mechanism reflecting the great reliability of the genetic substance in delivering electrons. Stepwise oscillatory charge transport through a nucleotide sequence that directly modulates the oscillation frequency may have significant biological implications.     

The bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus foraging around a fish farm：Effects of prey abundance on dolphins＇ behavior

The extent to which prey abundance influences both bottlenose dolphin foraging behavior and group size in the presence of human activities has not previously been studied.The primary aim of this study was to identify and quantify how wild bottlenose dolphins respond,individually and as groups,to the relative abundance of prey around a fish farm.Detailed views of dolphins＇ behavior were obtained by focal following individual animals whilst simultaneously collecting surface and underwater behavioral data.A total of 2150 dive intervals were analyzed,corresponding to 342 focal samples,lasting over 34 hours.Bottlenose dolphins remained submerged for a mean duration of 46.4 seconds and a maximum of 249 seconds.This study provides the first quantified data on bottlenose dolphin diving behavior in a marine fin-fish farm area.This study＇s results indicate that within a fish farm area used intensively by bottlenose dolphins for feeding,dolphins did not modify dive duration.Additionally,underwater observations confirmed that dolphins find it easier to exploit a concentrated food source and it appears that hunting tactic and not group size plays an important role during feeding activities.Thus,bottlenose dolphins appear capable of modifying their hunting tactics according to the abundance of prey.When top predators display behavioral responses to activities not directed at them,the task of studying all possible effects of human activities can become even more challenging.     

Late‐life rapamycin treatment reverses age‐related heart dysfunction

Rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in numerous model organisms including mice, with the most dramatic longevity effects reported in females. However, little is known about the functional ramifications of this longevity‐enhancing paradigm in mammalian tissues. We treated 24‐month‐old female C57BL/6J mice with rapamycin for 3 months and determined health outcomes via a variety of noninvasive measures of cardiovascular, skeletal, and metabolic health for individual mice. We determined that while rapamycin has mild transient metabolic effects, there are significant benefits to late‐life cardiovascular function with a reversal or attenuation of age‐related changes in the heart. RNA‐seq analysis of cardiac tissue after treatment indicated inflammatory, metabolic, and antihypertrophic expression changes in cardiac tissue as potential mechanisms mediating the functional improvement. Rapamycin treatment also resulted in beneficial behavioral, skeletal, and motor changes in these mice compared with those fed a control diet. From these findings, we propose that late‐life rapamycin therapy not only extends the lifespan of mammals, but also confers functional benefits to a number of tissues and mechanistically implicates an improvement in contractile function and antihypertrophic signaling in the aged heart with a reduction in age‐related inflammation.     

Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs